TEMPERATURE AND PRODUCT STRENGTH
Speaking again of wide temperature ranges, look to the COVID 19 vaccines and consider how Pfizer needs to be kept extremely cold: minus 70 degrees Celsius, which is colder than winter in Antarctica. Moderna has said that its vaccine needs to be frozen too, but only at minus 20 Celsius, more like a regular freezer. The vaccines […]
TEMPERATURE AND PLASTIC VESSELS (PIPING AND TANKS)
The temperature that a vessel can take is directly linked to the pressure that is being applied in the vessel, whether by a pump or other source. There is often little appreciation as to how fast the allowable pressure falls-off as the temperature increases. Take a typical PVC pipe rated nominally at 16 Bar, where […]
T AND DELTA-T
Many engineers don’t really think much about the differences between T and Delta-T, but it is essential to think of the true leverage in costs that come with a good understanding of the two concepts. T stands for a temperature as measured and can take on a tremendous range from the supercooled to the super-hot. […]
SG and BG – What’s the best way to understand these?
NOTES ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIFIC GRAVITY and BULK DENSITY OF PRODUCTS? …. TIPS FROM E4A! Some folk find it a little difficult getting their minds around SG and BD of products. If you Google these product terms you may get caught up with Wikipedia with quite fancy descriptions. We find that some of the […]